Means for executing in one operation and with the assistance of a pattern surfaces assuming the shape of a portion of the surface of a cone



F. STUDER July 6, 1954 MEANS FOR EXECUTING IN ONE OPERATION AND WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF A PATTERN SURFACES ASSUMING THE SHAPE OF A PORTION OF THE SURFACE OF A CONE Filed March 28, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR July 6, 1954 'F. STUDER 2,682,731

MEANS FOR EXECUTINC IN ONE OPERATION AND WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF A PATTERN SURFACES ASSUMING THE SHAPE OF A PORTION OF THE SURFACE OF A CONE Filed March 28, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 27 7 IHVENTDR.

9 FRITZ STuDE Patented July 6, 1954 MEANS FOR EXECUTING IN ONE OPERATION AND WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF A PAT- TERN SURFACES ASSUMING THE SHAPE OF A PORTION OF THE CONE SURFACE OF A Fritz Studer, Glockenthal-Thun, Switzerland Application March 28, 1952, Serial No. 279,036

Claims priority, application Switzerland April 6, 1951 7 Claims.

The present invention has for its object a method for the execution, in one operation and with the assistance of a fiat pattern, of surfaces assuming the shape of a portion of the surface of a cone, according to the known procedure wherein a feeler connected with the operative tool is guided along the outline of said pattern while it may rock round its operative end that engages the pattern and is slidable in the plane in which it rocks, the movements of the feeler being suitably transferred to the tool.

The method according to the invention consists in that an additional relative movement of the pattern with reference to the feeler and of the work with reference to the tool in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the feeler rocks, produces a guiding of the tool in three directions of space when the operative end of the feeler moving over the pattern extends obliquely with reference to said plane of rocking, this being provided in a manner such that the intersection of each surface parallel with the rocking plane and passing through the work that is being machined, defines with the conical surface a line the shape of which is equal in all respects to the outline of the pattern or is similar thereto, the obliquity of the generating line of the conical surface being defined by the obliquity of the operative end of the feeler.

My invention has also for its object a machinetool for the execution of the method defined hereinabove, said machine-tool being of the type including a feeler adapted to rock round its operative pattern-guided end and that may slide in the plane in which it rocks, said feeler being connected through a pivotal linkage with a tool-carrier adapted to rock round its axis, while the end of the tool engaging the work assumes the same shape or a shape similar to that of the transverse cross-section of the operative end of the feeler and extends along a line passing through the pivotal axis of the tool carrier.

This machine-tool is characterized in accordance with the invention by the fact that it includes a carrier for securing the pattern thereto and a table for securing the work thereto, said carrier and table being interconnected and executing during the operation of the machine-tool an oscillatory movement in a direction parallel with the rocking axis of the feeler while the end of the feeler that is to engage the pattern is oblique with reference to the abovementioned plane in which it rocks.

Accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example a preferred embodiment of the machine- Fi 2 is a view from above;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic showing of the parts intended for the transmission of movement;

Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a cross-section and a view from above of the work to which the desired shape is to be given;

Figs. 6 and 7 are a side view of the feeler and a view from above of the latter;

Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively a diagrammatic partial side View and a view from above of the pattern carrier.

1 designates the bedplate of a grinding machine used for copying purposes and including a carrier table 2 to which the work 3 is secured, said table being vertically guided so as to be capable of sliding in the direction of the arrows means that are not illustrated, the magnitude of the stroke being adjusted in accordance with the height of the work. The upper surface of the bedplate I carries a support t to which is secured the stationary guiding member 5 in which is engaged, for vertically sliding therein, a carrier id to which a horizontal flat pattern 6 may be secured. The support 4 carries similarly a bearing 1 in which is rockably carried the end of a onearm lever 3. The other end of the lever 8 is connected through a link 9 with the movablecarrier I0 slidingly engaging the guiding member 5. A bearing II rigid with the latter serves also as a pivot for the two-arm lever or crank 12 of which one arm is connected through a link l3 with the lever 8. The other arm of the crank 12 is connected with the work carrier table 2 by means of a linkage I5 that is longitudinally adjustable and that includes two ball joints M. The pivot connection between link l3 and lever 8 is shiftable as by means of a series of holes in lever ii as shown in Fig. 8 to change the ratio of movement between the table-2 and slide It.

The upper section of the bedplate carries also a projection It that serves as a carrier for a rocking arm I? to the free end of which is pivotally suspended a parallel motion mechanism or pantograph including the elements 18 to 2!. To one side of the bedplate l is secured a projection constituted by two pivotally connected arms 2223 the free end of which carries the tool carrier 2'5 that is adapted to rock round the spindle 24. The upper end of the spindle 24 is revolubly secured to the element IQ of the parallel motion.

On the free end of the element 2! of the parallel motion mechanism or pantograph is rockably mounted the feeler carrier 26 to which the 3 actual feeler 21 is secured. The tip of the horizontal cross-section of the feeler lies exactly in alignment with the rocking axis of the feeler carrier 26 and the portion of the grinding wheel 28 forming the tool engaging the work lies in alignment with the pivotal spindle 24 of the tool carrier 25. The feeler carrier 26 is connected through a parallel motion mechanism Zip-3s, constituted by three elements and carried by a projecting member 3|, with the tool carrier in order that the feeler carrier may transmit its rocking movement to the said tool carrier 25.

The portion of the grinding wheel 28 engaging the work assumes a shape that is the same as: or that is similar to the horizontal cross-section of the end of the cross-section of the feeler that is to move over the pattern 6. This shape is the same when the ratio of transformation provided by the pantograph is equal to l; for any other value of this ratio the shape is similar while the size of the work obtained corresponds with the ratio of transformation provided by the pantograph.

The operation of the copying device as concerns the movements of the feeler as transferred to the operative tool has been described in principle in the U. S. Patent No. 2,038,455, relating to the case of feeler ends engaging the pattern along a line perpendicular to the plane in which the feeler rocks. each guided movement of the feeler provides a guided movement of the tool with reference to the work in the ratio defined by the pantograph and that a rocking movement of the feeler in the plane of its rocking produces a corresponding engagement of the side of the tool against the work. This is also apparent from inspection of the appended drawings.

In the embodiment described and illustrated in accompanying drawings, the terminal surface of the feeler 2i that is to follow the outline of the pattern 6 assumes an oblique direction with reference to the plane in which the feeler rocks, as shown in Figs. 6 and '7. It is readily apparent that by reason of this obliquity and of the upwardly and downwardly directed movements of the pattern, there is provided, with a slight thrust of the ieeler against the pattern, a reciprocation of the feeler in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the latter in synchronism with the motion of the pattern. As simultaneously the work moves with reference to the tool upwardly and downwardly in the same direction as the pattern, the ratio between these movements of the work and of the pattern being defined by the speed reduction produced by the gear including the crank 52 and the lever 8i, and as, on the other hand, the longitudinal shifting of the feeler provides a movement of the tool towards and away from the work, there is provided at the point of operation on the work an oblique surface that is defined by the obliquity of the operative end of the feeier, the obliquity obtained on the work depending on the ratio of transformation of the pantograph and on the relationship between the stroke executed by the pattern and that executed by the work.

A simultaneous guiding of the feeler along the pattern provides thus a movement of the tool in the three dimensions of space with ref-- erence to the work, this being obtained in a inanner such that the surface obtained on the work by means of a same tool in a single stage assumes the shape of a portion of a conical surface while the intersection of any surface, parallel to This prior patent shows that d the plane in which the feeler rocks and passing through the work, with the conical surface, defines a line the shape of which is in all respects equal to or is otherwise similar to the outline of the pattern in a ratio depending on the ratio of transformation of the pantograph.

instead of the above described copying grinding machine, it is possible obviously to resort to a cutting or mortising machine for copying, whereby the operation is obtained as Well through cutting or mortising as through grinding.

What i claim is:

i. In a copying machine adapted to operate with a fiat pattern, the combination of a carrier adapted to carry a work, a pattern carrier onto which said pattern is secured in a horizontal plane, means for submitting the two carriers to a synchronous vertical reciprocating movement, a tool adapted to pivot round a vertical axis. and to engage the work on the work carrier, a feeler including a terminal section having a surface that is oblique with reference to. horizontality, a carrier for said feeier, means mounting said feeler carrier for shifting movement in a horizontal plane so that the terminal surface of the feeler may be shifted in a horizontal plane over the. outline of the pattern and along same, double pivotal means interconnecting the feeler with the tool to constrain said tool to follow the rockin and shifting movements of the feeler respectiveiy, the combination of the vertical movement of the pattern carrier with the corresponding horizontal shifting of the terminal oblique surface of the feeler over the outline of the said pattern producing a combined horizontal shifting of the operative end of the tool associated with a vertical movement or" the work.

2. In a copying machine adapted to operate with a fiat pattern, the combination of a carrier adapted to carry a work, a pattern carrier onto which said pattern is secured in a horizontal plane, means for submitting the two carriers to a synchronous vertical reciprocating movement, and including a gear of predetermined transmission ratio, a tool adapted to pivot round a vertical axis and to engage the work on the work carrier, a feeler including a terminal section having a surface that is oblique with reference to horizontality, a carrier for said feeler, means mounting said ieel'er' carrier for shifting movement in a horizontal plane so that the terminal surface of the feeler may be shifted in a horizontal plane over the outline of the pattern and along same, double pivotal means interconnecting the feeler with the tool to constrain said tool to follow the rocking and shifting movements of the feeler respectively, a pantographic transmission inserted in the second pivotal means to produce the desired ratio between the shifting of the feeler and that of the tool, the combination oi the vertical movement of the pattern carrier with the corresponding horizontal shifting of the terminal oblique surface of the feeler over the outline of the said pattern producing a combined horizontal shifting of the operative end of the tool associated with a vertical movement of the work.

3. A copying machine including a tool, a work carrier cooperating therewith, means i'or vertically shifting said work carrier, a pattern carrier on which said pattern is mounted to lie in a horizontal plane, means for vertically shifting said pattern, a feeler cooperating with said pattern, means carrying said feeler and adapted to allow the latter to rock round its point of engagement with the outline of the pattern and to be shifted in a horizontal plane, said feeler including an oblique terminal operative surface engaging the outline of the pattern through points of said surface that vary according to the vertical location of the pattern, a linkage connecting the feeler carrying means with the tool for constraining the latter to follow the angular movements of the feeler, a further linkage connecting the feeler carrying means with the tool to constrain the latter to follow the shifting movements of the feeler, means whereby the vertical shifting of the work carrier follow the vertical movements of the pattern to associate a longitudinal horizontal movement of the tool corresponding to the shifting of the feeler produced by the variable engagement of the feeler with the pattern outline with a vertical movement of the work corresponding to the vertical movement of the pattern and thereby to produce an oblique cut in the work.

4. A copying machine including a tool, a work carrier cooperating therewith, means for vertically shifting said work carrier, a pattern carrier on which said pattern is mounted to lie in a horizontal plane, means for vertically shifting said pattern, a feeler cooperating with said pattern, means carrying said feeler and adapted to allow the latter to rock round its point of engagement with the outline of the pattern and to be shifted in a horizontal plane, said feeler including an oblique terminal operative surface engaging the outline of the pattern through points of said surface that vary according to the vertical location of the pattern, a linkage connecting the feeler carrying means with the tool for constraining the latter to follow the angular movements of the feeler, a further linkage connecting the feeler carrying means with the tool to constrain the latter to follow the shifting movements of the feeler, with a predetermined transmission ratio with reference to last mentioned movements, means whereby the vertical shifting of the Work carrier follow the vertical movements of the pattern with a predetermined transmission ratio with reference to last mentioned movements, to associate a longitudinal horizontal movement of the tool corresponding to the shifting of the feeler produced by the variable engagement of the feeler with the pattern outline with a vertical movement of the work corresponding to the vertical movement of the pattern and thereby to produce an oblique cut inthe work. 7

5. A copying machine adapted to operate with a flat pattern, comprising, in combination, support means; work holding means mounted on said support means for vertical reciprocating movement; pattern holding means also mounted on said support means for vertical reciprocating movement and being connected to said work holding means for vertical movement therewith, said pattern holding means being adapted to hold the fiat pattern in a horizontal plane; feeler means mounted on said support means for shifting movement in a horizontal plane and having a terminal edge adapted to engage an edge of the flat pattern and being inclined to said horizontal plane as well as to a vertical plane normal to said horizontal plane so that when said terminal edge of said feeler means is in engagement with said edge of said fiat pattern, said feeler means will be shifted horizontally during vertical movement of said pattern holding means and pattern therewith; and tool carrying means mounted on said support means and adapted to carry a tool engaging the work carried by said work holding means, said tool carrying means being operatively connected to said feeler means for horizontal shifting movement therewith so as to provide on a Work piece vertically reciprocated by said work holding means an inclined surface which in every horizontal plane has an outline corresponding to the edge of the flat pattern engaged by the terminal edge of said feeler means.

6. A copying machine adapted to operate with a flat pattern, comprising, in combination, support means; work holding means mounted on said support means for reciprocating movement in a first plane; pattern holding means mounted on said support means for reciprocating movement in opposite directions parallel to said first plane and being connected to said work holding means for movement therewith, said pattern holding means being adapted to hold the flat pattern in a second plane normal to said first plane; feeler means mounted on said support means for shifting movement in said second plane and having a terminal edge adapted to engage an edge of the flat pattern and being inclined to both of said planes so that when said terminal edge of said feeler means is in engagement with said edge of said flat pattern, said feeler means will be shifted in said second plane during said reciprocating movement of said pattern holding means and pattern therewith in said opposite directions parallel to said first plane; and tool carrying means mounted on said support means and adapted to carry a tool engaging the work carried by said work holding means, said tool carrying means being operatively connected to said feeler means for shifting movement therewith in opposite directions parallel to said second plane so as to provide on a work piece reciprocated by said work holding means in said first plane an inclined surface having the inclination of said terminal edge of said feeler means and having an outline corresponding to the edge of the fiat pattern engaged by the terminal edge of said feeler means.

7. A process for producing on a work piece a bevelled surface having the configuration of an edge of a flat pattern, comprising the steps of reciprocating the work piece and the fiat pat tern together in opposite directions normal to the plane of said fiat pattern; holding a feeler having a terminal edge inclined to said plane at an angle other than a right angle with said terminal edge thereof against the edge of the flat pattern so that the feeler is shifted in said plane during reciprocation of the pattern and work piece in said directions normal to said plane; placing a cutting tool against the work piece and moving the tool together and simultaneously with the feeler in a direction parallel to said plane so that, during reciprocation of the work piece normal to said'plane, said cutting tool follows the movement induced in the feeler by cooperation of the terminal edge thereof with the edge of the pattern to produce on the work piece a bevelled surface having the configuration of the edge of the pattern.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,594,607 Engelmann Aug. 3, 1926 2,038,455 Studer Apr. 21, 1936 2,394,671 Duncan Feb. 12, 1946 2,557,876 Klema June 19, 1951 

